@Article{TangXGHKKKKKLPVWYDHJMNPRSTBMNZ:2022:LoSiMo,
               author = "Tang, Shuaiqi and Xie, Shaocheng and Guo, Zhun and Hong, Song-You 
                         and Khouider, Boualem and Klocke, Daniel and K{\"o}hler, Martin 
                         and Koo, Myung-Seo and Krishna, Phani Murali and Larson, Vincent 
                         E. and Park, Sungsu and Vaillancourt, Paul A. and Wang, Yi-Chi and 
                         Yang, Jing and Daleu, Chimene L. and Homeyer, Cameron R. and 
                         Jones, Todd R. and Malap, Neelam and Neggers, Roel and 
                         Prabhakaran, Thara and Ramirez Gutierrez, Enver Manuel Amador and 
                         Schumacher, Courtney and Tao, Cheng and Bechtold, Peter and Ma, 
                         Hsi-Yen and Neelin, J. David and Zeng, Xubin",
          affiliation = "{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and {Lawrence Livermore 
                         National Laboratory} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences} and 
                         {University of Colorado} and {University of Victoria} and {Hans 
                         Ertel Centre for Weather Research} and {Deutscher Wetterdienst} 
                         and {Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems} and 
                         {Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology} and {Pacific Northwest 
                         National Laboratory} and {Seoul National University} and 
                         {Environment and Climate Change Canada} and {Research Center for 
                         Environmental Changes} and {Climate Change Canada} and {University 
                         of Reading} and {University of Oklahoma} and {University of 
                         Reading} and {Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology} and 
                         {University of Cologne} and {Indian Institute of Tropical 
                         Meteorology} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Texas A\&M University} and {Lawrence Livermore 
                         National Laboratory} and {European Centre for Medium-Range Weather 
                         Forecasts} and {Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory} and 
                         {University of California in Los Angeles} and {University of 
                         Arizona}",
                title = "Long-term single-column model intercomparison of diurnal cycle of 
                         precipitation over midlatitude and tropical land",
              journal = "Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "148",
               number = "743",
                pages = "641--669",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "3. Physical phenomenon, convection, diurnal cycle of 
                         precipitation, single-column model.",
             abstract = "General Circulation Models (GCMs) have for decades exhibited 
                         difficulties in modelling the diurnal cycle of precipitation 
                         (DCP). This issue can be related to inappropriate representation 
                         of the processes controlling sub-diurnal phenomena like 
                         convection. In this study, 11 single-column versions of GCMs are 
                         used to investigate the interactions between convection and 
                         environmental conditions, processes that control nocturnal 
                         convections, and the transition from shallow to deep convection on 
                         a diurnal time-scale. Long-term simulations are performed over two 
                         continental land sites: the Southern Great Plains (SGP) in the USA 
                         for 12 summer months from 2004 to 2015 and the Manacapuru site at 
                         the central Amazon (MAO) in Brazil for two full years from 2014 to 
                         2015. The analysis is done on two regimes: afternoon convective 
                         regime and nocturnal precipitation regime. Most models produce 
                         afternoon precipitation too early, likely due to the missing 
                         transition of shallow-to-deep convection in these models. At SGP, 
                         the unified convection schemes better simulate the onset time of 
                         precipitation. At MAO, models produce the heating peak in a much 
                         lower level compared with observation, indicating too shallow 
                         convection in the models. For nocturnal precipitation, models that 
                         produce most of nocturnal precipitation all allow convection to be 
                         triggered above the boundary layer. This indicates the importance 
                         of model capability to detect elevated convection for simulating 
                         nocturnal precipitation. Sensitivity studies indicate that (a) 
                         nudging environmental variables towards observations has a minor 
                         impact on DCP, (b) unified treatment of shallow and deep 
                         convection and the capability to capture mid-level convection can 
                         help models better capture DCP, and (c) the interactions of the 
                         atmosphere with other components in the climate system (e.g. land) 
                         are also important for DCP simulations in coupled models. These 
                         results provide long-term statistical insights on which physical 
                         processes are essential in climate models to simulate DCP.",
                  doi = "10.1002/qj.4222",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4222",
                 issn = "0035-9009",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc - 2021 - Tang - Long\‐term 
                         single\‐column model intercomparison of diurnal cycle of 
                         precipitation.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "08 maio 2024"
}